Daily maximum near-surface temperature in degrees Celsius (°C). Based on ERA5 data. Spatial resolution: 0.25 decimal degrees.

Duration in days of a cold-wave event in any given day as defined by the temperature anomalies method. Based on ERA5 data. Spatial resolution: 0.25 decimal degrees.

Duration in days of a heat-wave event in any given day as defined by the temperature anomalies method. Based on ERA5 data. Spatial resolution: 0.25 decimal degrees.

Accumulated heat-wave intensity in degrees Celsius (°C) in any given day as defined by the temperature anomalies method. Based on ERA5 data. Spatial resolution: 0.25 decimal degrees.

Soil Moisture Anomaly (SMA) at 3 arcmin spatial resolution, computed as standardized deviation from a baseline period 1995-2024. The dataset is derived from daily LISFLOOD modelled soil moisture in the top two soil layers, as produced for GloFAS v.4 (see https...

Soil Moisture Anomaly (SMA) at 1 arcmin spatial resolution, computed as standardized deviation from a baseline period 1995-2024. The dataset is derived from 6-hourly LISFLOOD modelled soil moisture in the top two soil layers, as produced for EFAS5.

The Risk of Drought Impacts for Agriculture (RDrI-Agri) indicator that is implemented in the Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service, is used for determining the area more likely to be affected by droughts. Higher risk m...

Soil moisture anomaly maps are computed on a 30-day moving window at a spatial resolution of 0.1 decimal degrees and updated every 10 days. Moving windows have an ordinal reference: - 1st window of month M goes from day 11 of month M-1 to day 10 of month M (e....

Average root zone Soil Moisture Index (SMI) at 1 arcmin spatial resolution. The dataset is derived from 6-hourly LISFLOOD modelled soil moisture in the top two soil layers, as produced for EFAS5.

The Combined Drought Indicator (CDI) is an indicator for drought early warning, specifically designed to monitor agricultural drought. Through the combination of spatial patterns of precipitation, soil moisture and greenness vegetation anomalies, the CDI ident...

The FAPAR indicator used in the Copernicus Global Drought Observatory (GDO) is the satellite-measured biophysical variable Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR, sometimes written as fAPAR or FPAR), composited for 10-day intervals, fr...

The FAPAR Anomaly indicator that is implemented in the Copernicus Global Drought Observatory (GDO) is used to detect and monitor the impacts on vegetation growth and productivity of environmental stress factors, especially plant water stress due to drought. Th...

The Snow Masks used in the European Drought Observatory (EDO) are a collection of time-varying binary spatial layers (one for each 10-day period of the year) used to depict the location and extent of snow on the ground. The input data for calculating the snow...

The 12-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-12) is a meteorological drought indicator to monitor precipitation anomalies over 12-month accumulation periods and is a proxy indicator for medium-term impacts, for example reduced stream flow and reservoir s...

The 48-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-48) is a meteorological drought indicator to monitor precipitation anomalies over 48-month accumulation periods and is a proxy indicator for long-term impacts, for example reduced reservoir and groundwater rec...

The 3-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-3) is a meteorological drought indicator to monitor precipitation anomalies over 3-month accumulation periods and is a proxy indicator for immediate impacts of droughts, such as reduced soil moisture, snowpack,...

The 1-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-1) is a meteorological drought indicator to monitor precipitation anomalies over 1-month accumulation periods and is a proxy indicator for immediate impacts of droughts such as reduced soil moisture, snowpack, ...

The 24-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-24) is a meteorological drought indicator to monitor precipitation anomalies over 24-month accumulation periods and is a proxy indicator for long-term impacts, for example reduced reservoir and groundwater rec...

The 9-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-9) is a meteorological drought indicator to monitor precipitation anomalies over 9-month accumulation periods and is a proxy indicator for medium-term impacts, for example reduced stream flow and reservoir stor...